The mechanism: The F-35 program's original sin, by the Pentagon's own admission, was letting Lockheed Martin retain the technical data package under a 2001-era "total system performance responsibility" contract. Two decades later, sustainment costs have ballooned to a projected $1.58 trillion lifecycle estimate, full-mission-capable rates have fallen to roughly 25%, and GAO has logged 43 recommendations since 2014 — most still unimplemented. The Pentagon's fix, embedded in the Adaptive Acquisition Framework's Sustainment pathway, is explicit: build modular open-systems architectures, acquire complete technical data packages, and use dual-sourcing and subsystem-level competition to break single-vendor lock-in. That's not a press release — it's DoD's own acquisition doctrine now applied retroactively to a jet already in service. Every dollar of depot maintenance, software sustainment, or parts supply that DoD can competitively bid instead of sole-sourcing to Lockheed is a dollar pulled out of the highest-margin layer of the F-35 business — sustainment carries fatter margins than jet production because it's recurring, less capital-intensive, and historically uncontested.

Who cashes in:

  • LDOS (Leidos) — the government's go-to systems-integrator when it wants to insource or re-compete legacy aircraft sustainment once it controls the data rights; Leidos already runs a 10-year F-16 sustainment/engineering award for foreign military sales customers, the template DoD would replicate for F-35 depot and software work if data rights open up.
  • RTX — Pratt & Whitney's F135 engine sustainment ($1.6B contract awarded in December 2025) is technically separate from Lockheed's airframe sustainment line already; any DoD push toward "power-by-the-hour" or performance-based logistics deals structurally favors the propulsion supplier that already operates outside Lockheed's TSPR umbrella.
  • LHX (L3Harris) — a proven subsystem competitor with mission systems, avionics, and EW pedigree; the AAF's subsystem-level competition mandate is written for exactly the kind of modular, open-architecture bidder L3Harris has positioned itself to be across multiple platforms.