The mechanism: Most nuclear plants in America are owned by regulated utilities that get paid a guaranteed return by state commissions no matter what happens in the wholesale market. Talen Energy's Susquehanna plant is not one of them. It's a merchant asset selling into PJM Interconnection's competitive capacity auction and directly into corporate power-purchase deals — meaning every dollar Talen earns is a function of two things regulators control: how PJM prices capacity, and how FERC lets Talen sell power behind the meter to data centers without first running it through the public grid. On December 18, 2025, FERC unanimously ordered PJM to build clear rules for exactly this kind of co-location arrangement, creating new transmission-service tiers and forcing a compliance filing (PJM submitted its response February 23, 2026, targeting a July 31, 2026 effective date). That ruling — not an appropriations bill or a loan guarantee — is what determines whether Talen can keep routing Susquehanna's output straight to a hyperscaler campus at a premium, or whether it gets forced back through PJM's queue like everyone else.
Who cashes in: Talen Energy (TLN) is the direct bet — Susquehanna's 90%-owned 2.5 GW cleared PJM's 2026/2027 auction at $329.17/MW-day across its zones (roughly $805 million in capacity revenue), and its restructured Amazon Web Services deal calls for up to 1,920 MW by 2032 under a contract Talen has said could total roughly $18 billion in revenue over its life. Vistra (VST) owns Comanche Peak and other merchant nuclear/gas capacity in competitive markets and is pursuing its own co-location deals, giving it the same PJM-price and FERC-rule exposure with a bigger, more diversified balance sheet. Constellation Energy (CEG) runs the largest U.S. nuclear fleet, much of it merchant-exposed in PJM and other RTOs, so favorable capacity pricing and permissive co-location rules lift it too, just with less single-asset torque than Talen. GE Vernova (GEV) cashes in indirectly regardless of who wins the co-location fight — every gigawatt of new gas turbine or grid equipment data centers need to firm up nuclear supply runs through its backlog.